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AIC1641
LOW VOLTAGE STEP-UP DC/DC CONVERTER
SPEC NO: DS-1641-00 05/04/00
FEATURES
! ! ! ! ! !
DESCRIPTION
The AIC1641 is a high efficiency step-up DC/DC converter for applications using 1 to 4 battery cells. Only three external components are required to deliver a fixed output voltage of 2.7V, 3.0V, 3.3V, or 5.0V. Pulse Frequency Modulation scheme brings optimized performance for applications with light output loading and low input voltage. The output ripple and noise are lower compared with the circuit operating in PSM mode. The AIC1641 starts up from below 0.9V input to boost either 2.7V, 3.0V, 3.3V, or 5.0V output with 1mA load. Some useful features include, shutdown mode for saving the life of battery. The PFM control circuit operates in 100KHz (max.) switching rate, resulting in smaller passive component size, which makes the AIC1641 an ideal choice of DC/DC converter for space conscious applications.
Guaranteed Start-Up from Below 0.9 V. High Efficiency. Low Quiescent Current. Fixed Output Voltage: 2.7V, 3.0V, 3.3V, and 5V. Logic Controlled Shutdown. External Switch Driver for High Power Level Application.
APPLICATIONS
! ! ! ! ! !
Pagers. Cameras. Wireless Microphones. Pocket Organizers. Battery Backup Suppliers. Portable Instruments.
TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT
VOUT + C1 47F VOUT D1 1N5819 CB EXT CE
L1 VIN 0.9V 33H
GND
AIC1641
Q1
2SD1803
10nF RB 300
One Cell Step-Up DC/DC Converter
ANALOG INTEGRATIONS CORPORATION
4F, 9 Industry E. 9th Road, Science-based Industrial Park , Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.
www.analog.com.tw
TEL: (8863)577-2500 FAX:(8863)577-2510
1
AIC1641
LOW VOLTAGE STEP-UP DC/DC CONVERTER
SPEC NO: DS-1641-00 05/04/00
ORDERING INFORMATION
AIC1641-XXCX PACKAGE TYPE O: MSOP8 S: SMALL OUTLINE W : SOT89-5 OUTPUT VOLTAGE 27: 2.7V 30: 3.0V 33: 3.3V 50: 5.0V ORDER NUM BER AIC1641-27CS AIC1641-30CS AIC1641-33CS AIC1641-50CS (SO8) PIN CONFIGURATION
VOUT 1 EXT 2 NC 3 NC 4
8 CE 7 NC 6 NC 5 GND
AIC1641-27CS AIC1641-30CS AIC1641-33CS AIC1641-50CS (SO8)
VOUT 1 EXT 2 NC 3 NC 4
8 CE 7 NC 6 NC 5 GND
AIC1641-27CW AIC1641-30CW AIC1641-33CW AIC1641-50CW (SOT89-5)
TOP VIEW
GND
5
EXT
4
1
2
3
NC
VOUT
CE
ABSOLUATE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage ...........................................................................................12V CE input Voltage ...........................................................................................12V EXT pin Voltage EXT pin Current Power Dissipation ......................................................................-0.3V to Vout+0.3V ..................................................................................... 50mA ..................................................................................500mW
Operating Temperature Range ..........................................................-40 C to 85C Storage Temperature Range ......................................................... -65C to 150 C Lead Temperature (Sordering 10 Sec.) .........................................................260C
TEST CIRCUIT
AIC1641 EXT FOUT GND
VOUT 2.5V CE
Oscillator Test Circuit ANALOG INTEGRATIONS CORPORATION
4F, 9 Industry E. 9th Road, Science-based Industrial Park , Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.
www.analog.com.tw
TEL: (8863)577-2500 FAX:(8863)577-2510
2
AIC1641
LOW VOLTAGE STEP-UP DC/DC CONVERTER
SPEC NO: DS-1641-00 05/04/00
"
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
PARAMETER
Output Voltage
(Ta=25C, IO=10mA, Unless otherwise specified)
SYMBOL
TEST CONDITIONS
VIN=1.8V VIN=1.8V VIN=2.0V VIN=3.0V
MIN.
2.633 2.925
TYP.
2.700 3.000 3.300 5.000
MAX.
2.767 3.075 3.382 5.125 8
UNIT
VOUT
3.218 4.875
V
Input Voltage Start-Up Voltage Hold-on Voltage No-Load Input Current Supply Current 1 IOUT=1mA, VIN:02V IOUT=1mA, VIN:20V IOUT=0mA EXT at no load, VIN=VOUT x 0.5 Measurement of the IC input current
VIN VSTART VHOLD IIN 18 45 50 IDD1 60 80 0.8
V V V A
0.9 0.6
A
Supply Current 2
EXT at no load, VIN=VOUT + 0.5 Measurement of the IC input current IDD2
7 A 300 200 REXTH 185 130
EXT "H" On-Resistance
VEXT=VOUT - 0.4V
EXT "L" On-Resistance
VEXT= 0.4V REXTL
110 80 70 60
Oscillator Duty Cycle
VIN=VOUT x 0.95 Measure the waveform at the EXT pin DUTY 65 75 85 %
Max. Oscillator Freq.
VIN=VOUT x 0.95 Measure the waveform at the EXT pin FOSC 80 1.2 1.3 VCEH 1.4 2.1 V 105 130 KHz
Chip Enable Pin Input High Voltage
VIN=VOUT x 0.95 VCEH : 0V2.5V Judge the oscillation at EXT pin
ANALOG INTEGRATIONS CORPORATION
4F, 9 Industry E. 9th Road, Science-based Industrial Park , Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.
www.analog.com.tw
TEL: (8863)577-2500 FAX:(8863)577-2510
3
AIC1641
LOW VOLTAGE STEP-UP DC/DC CONVERTER
SPEC NO: DS-1641-00 05/04/00
"
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
PARAMETER
Chip Enable Pin Input Low Voltage
(Continued)
SYMBOL
TEST CONDITIONS
VIN=VOUT x 0.95 VCEL : 2.5V0V Judge the stop at EXT pin
MIN.
TYP.
MAX.
1.1 1.2
UNIT
VCEL
1.3 2.0
V
CE Pin Input Current Efficiency
Same as IDD1, VCE=VOUT x 0.95 80
0.5
A %
"
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Inductor (L1) : 33H (Pin Type) Diode (D1) : 1N5819 Schottky Type
AIC1641-27 Loading Regulation (L=33uH)
2.80 2.75 2.70 90 85
Capacitor (C1) : 47F (Tantalum Type) Transistor (Q1) : 2SD1803
AIC1641-27 Efficiency (L=33uH)
Vin=2.0V
80
Vin=2.0V
Output Voltage (V)
2.65 2.60 2.55 2.50 2.45 2.40 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Vin=1.5V Vin=1.2V
Vin=1.8V
Efficiency (%)
75 70 65 60
Vin=1.8V Vin=1.5V Vin=0.9V Vin=1.2V
Vin=0.9V
55 50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Output Current (mA)
Output Current (mA)
AIC1641-30 Load Regulation (L=33uH)
3.1
90
AIC1641-30 Efficiency (L=33uH)
3.0
Vin=2.0V
85
Vin=2.0V
Output Voltage (V)
2.9
2.8
Vin=1.2V Vin=0.9V
Vin=1.5V
Vin=1.8V
Efficiency (%)
80
75
Vin=1.8V
2.7
70
2.6
Vin=1.5V Vin=0.9V Vin=1.2V
2.5
65
2.4 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
60 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Output Current (mA)
Output Current (mA)
ANALOG INTEGRATIONS CORPORATION
4F, 9 Industry E. 9th Road, Science-based Industrial Park , Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.
www.analog.com.tw
TEL: (8863)577-2500 FAX:(8863)577-2510
4
AIC1641
LOW VOLTAGE STEP-UP DC/DC CONVERTER
SPEC NO: DS-1641-00 05/04/00
"
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONTINUED)
AIC1641-33 Loading Regulation (L=33uH)
3.6 3.4 3.2 90 85 80
AIC1641-33 Efficiency (L=33uH)
Output Voltage (V)
Efficiency (%)
3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 0 50 100 150
Vin=1.5V
Vin=2.0V
75 70 65 60 55 50
Vin=2.0V Vin=1.5V Vin=0.9V
Vin=0.9V
200
250
300
350
400
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Output Current (mA)
Output Current (mA)
AIC1641-50 Load Regulation (L=33uH)
5.5 5.0 4.5 90 85 80
AIC1641-50 Efficiency (L=33uH)
Output Voltage (V)
4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 0 100 200 300
Efficiency (%)
Vin=2.0V Vin=1.5V
Vin=3.0V
75 70 65 60 55 50
Vin=3.0V Vin=2.0V Vin=1.5V Vin=1.2V Vin=0.9V
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Vin=1.2V Vin=0.9V
400 500 600 700
Output Current (mA)
Output Current (mA)
AIC1641-27 Start-up & Hold-on Voltage (L=33uH)
2.0 1.8 1.6
AIC1641-30 Start-up & Hold-on Voltage (L=33uH)
2.0 1.8 1.6
1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0
Start up
Input Voltage (V)
Input Voltage (V)
1.4
1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
Start up
Hold on
Hold on
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Output Current (mA)
Output Current (mA)
ANALOG INTEGRATIONS CORPORATION
4F, 9 Industry E. 9th Road, Science-based Industrial Park , Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.
www.analog.com.tw
TEL: (8863)577-2500 FAX:(8863)577-2510
5
AIC1641
LOW VOLTAGE STEP-UP DC/DC CONVERTER
SPEC NO: DS-1641-00 05/04/00
"
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONTINUED)
AIC1641-33 Start-up & Hold-on Voltage (L=33uH)
2.0 1.8 1.6 2.0 1.8 1.6
AIC1641-50 Start-up & Hold-on Voltage (L=33uH)
Start up
Input Voltage (V)
1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0 20
Start up
Input Voltage (V)
1.4
1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0
Hold on
Hold on
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Output Current (mA)
Output Current (mA)
AIC1641 Output Voltage vs Temperature
6.0 5.5 5.0
AIC1641 Switching Frequency vs Temperature
135 130
Switching Frequency (kHz)
125 120 115 110 105 100 95 90 85 -40
Output Voltage (V)
4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 -40
-20
0
20
40
o
60
80
100
-20
0
20
40
o
60
80
100
Temperature ( C)
Temperature ( C)
AIC1641 Maximum Duty Cycle vs Temperature
80 79 80 75
AIC1641 Supply Current vs Temperature
Maximum Duty Cycle (%)
77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 -40
Supply Current IDD1 (uA)
-20 0 20 40
o
78
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35
60
80
100
30 -40
-20
0
20
40
o
60
80
100
Temperature ( C)
Temperature ( C)
ANALOG INTEGRATIONS CORPORATION
4F, 9 Industry E. 9th Road, Science-based Industrial Park , Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.
www.analog.com.tw
TEL: (8863)577-2500 FAX:(8863)577-2510
6
AIC1641
LOW VOLTAGE STEP-UP DC/DC CONVERTER
SPEC NO: DS-1641-00 05/04/00
"
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONTINUED)
AIC1641 EXT "L" On-Resistance
130 120 110 400 360 320
AIC1641 EXT "H" On-Resistance
Resistance ()
Resistance ()
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 -40
280 240 200 160 120 80 40 -40
-20
0
20
40
o
60
80
100
-20
0
20
40
o
60
80
100
Temperature ( C)
Temperature ( C)
BLOCK DIAGRAM
CE
VOUT 1M
1.25V REF. Chip Enable + EXT
Enable GND
OSC, 100KHz
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
NC Not Connected. VOUT - IC supply pin. Connect VOUT to the regulator output. CE Chip enable pin (Active High). EXT - Push pull driver output for external power switch. GND - Ground Terminal. Must be low impedance; sorder directly to ground plane.
ANALOG INTEGRATIONS CORPORATION
4F, 9 Industry E. 9th Road, Science-based Industrial Park , Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.
www.analog.com.tw
TEL: (8863)577-2500 FAX:(8863)577-2510
7
AIC1641
LOW VOLTAGE STEP-UP DC/DC CONVERTER
SPEC NO: DS-1641-00 05/04/00
APPLICATION INFORMATION
GENERAL DESCRIPTION AIC1641 PFM (pluse frequency modulation) controller ICs combine a switch mode regulator, push pull driver, precision voltage reference, and voltage detector in a single monolithic device. They offer both extreme low quescient current, high efficiency, and very low gate threshold voltage to ensure start-up with low battery voltage ( 0.8V typ.). Designed to maximize battery life in protable products, and minimize switching losses by only switching as needed service the load. PFM controllers transfer a discreate amount of energy per cycle and regulate the output voltage by modulating switching frequency with the constant turn-on time. Switching frequency depends on load, input voltage, and inductor value, and it can range up to 100KHz. When the output voltage drops, the error comparator enable 100kHz oscillator that turns on the MOSFET around 7.5s and 2.5s off time. Turning on the MOSFET allows inductor current to ramp up, storing energy in a magnetic field. When MOSFET turns off that forces inductor current through diode to the output capacitor and load. As the stored energy is depleted, the current ramp down until the diode turns off. At this point, inductor may ring due to residual energy and stray capacitance. The output capacitor stores charge when current flowing through the diode is high, and release it when current is low, thereby maintaining a steady voltage across the load. As the load increases, the output capacitor discharges faster and the error comparator initiates cycles sooner, increasing the switching frequency. The maximum duty cycle ensure adequate time for energy tranfer to output during the second half each cycle. Depending on circuit, PFM controller can operate in either discontinuous mode or continuous conduction ANALOG INTEGRATIONS CORPORATION
4F, 9 Industry E. 9th Road, Science-based Industrial Park , Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.
EXT Isw VIN
mode. Continuous conduction mode means that the inductor current does not ramp to zero during each cycle.
IIN SW
ID
IOUT VOUT
+ Ico
VEXT
IIN
IPK
ISW
Charge Co. ID TDIS Discharge Co. IOUT
VSW
t
Discontinuous Conduction Mode
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8
AIC1641
LOW VOLTAGE STEP-UP DC/DC CONVERTER
SPEC NO: DS-1641-00 05/04/00
VEXT
1 VOUT + VD - VIN TON VOUT + VD - VSW
IIN
where Vsw = switch drop and proportion to output current.
IPK
INDUCTOR SELECTION
ISW
ID IOUT
VSW
t
To operate as an efficient energy transfer element, the inductor must fulfill three requirement. First, the inductance must be low enough for the inductor to store adquate energy under the worst case condition of minimum input voltage and switch ON time. Second, the inductance must also be high enough so maximum current rating of AIC1641 and inductor are not exceed at the other worst case cindition of maximum input voltage and ON time. Lastly, the inductor must have sufficiently low DC resistance so excessive power is not lost as heat in the windings. But unfotrunately this is inversely related to physical size. Minimum and Maximum input voltage, output voltage and output current must be established before and incuctor can be selected. In discontinuous mode operation, at the end of the switch ON time, peak current and energy in the inductor build according to VIN RON + Rs IPK = TON) 1 - exp( - L RON + Rs x VIN (TON)1 - L 2 VIN TON L (simple lossless equation),
Continuous Conduction Mode
t the boundry between continuous and discontinuous mode, output current (IOB) is determined by VIN 1 VIN IOB = TON(1 - x ) VOUT + VD 2 L where Vd is the diode drop, x = (RON+Rs)TON/L. Ron= Switch turn on resistance, Rs= Inductor DC resistance TON = Switch ON time In the discontinuous mode, the switching frequency (fsw) is FSW = 2(L)(VOUT + VD - VIN)(IOUT) VIN 2 x TON 2 (1+ x
where x=(RON+Rs)TON/L 1 L x IPK 2 Power required from the inductor per cycle must be equal or greater than PL/fSW = (VOUT + VD - VIN)(IOUT)( 1 ) fsw
In the continuous mode, the switching frequency is fsw= VIN - VSW x 1 (VOUT + VD - VIN ) )] [1 + ( ON (VOUT + VD - VSW ) OUT + VD - VSW 2V T
in order for the converter to regulate the output. When loading is over IOB, PFM controller operates in continuous mode. Inductor peak current can be derived from
ANALOG INTEGRATIONS CORPORATION
4F, 9 Industry E. 9th Road, Science-based Industrial Park , Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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TEL: (8863)577-2500 FAX:(8863)577-2510
9
AIC1641
LOW VOLTAGE STEP-UP DC/DC CONVERTER
SPEC NO: DS-1641-00 05/04/00
VOUT + VD - VSW x VIN - VSW x - IOUT + IPK = TON1 - VIN - VSW 2 2L 2 Valley current (Iv) is
VOUT + VD - VSW x VIN - VSW x - IOUT - IV = TON1 - VIN - VSW 2 2L 2
Table 1 Indicates resistance and height for each coil. Hieght (mm) 4.5
Power Inductor Type Sumida SMT Type CD54
Inductance ( H ) 47 100
Resistance ( ) 0.25 0.50 0.25 0.50 0.11 40m
Rated Current (A) 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.5 1.2 2
Hold SMT Type PM54
47 100
4.5
Hold SMT Type PM75 Huan Feng PIN Type V0810
33 33
5.0 10.0
CAPACITOR SELECTION A poor choice for a output capacitor can result in poor efficiency and hight output ripple. Ordinary aluminum electrolytics, while inexpensive may have unacceptably poor ESR and ESL. There are low ESR aluminum capacitors for switch mode DC-DC converters which work much better than general porpuse unit. Tantalum capacitors provide still better performance at more expensive. OS-CON capacitors have extremely low ESR in a small size. If capacitance is reduced, output ripple will increase. Most of the input supply is supplied by the input bypasss capacitor, the capacitor voltage rating should be at least 1.25 times greather than a maximum input voltage.
used although efficiency and start-up voltage will suffer substantially.
COMPONENT POWER DISSIPATION Opeating in discontinuous mode, power loss in the winding resistance of inductor can be approximate equal to PD L = 2 TON VOUT + VD (Rs ) (POUT ) 3 L VOUT
where POUT=VOUT * IOUT ; Rs=Inductor DC R; VD = Diode drop. The power dissipated in a switch loss is PDsw = 2 TON VOUT + VD - VIN (RON) (POUT ) 3 L VOUT
DIODE SELECTION Speed, forward drop, and leakage current are the three main consideration in selecting a rectifier diode. Best performance is obtained with Schottky retifier diode such 1N5819. Motorola makes MBR0530 in surface mount. For lower output power a 1N4148 can be
The power dissipated in rectifier diode is VD PDd = (POUT ) VOUT
ANALOG INTEGRATIONS CORPORATION
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10
AIC1641
LOW VOLTAGE STEP-UP DC/DC CONVERTER
SPEC NO: DS-1641-00 05/04/00
PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS
! MSOP 8 (unit: mm)
D
SYMBOL A A1
H E
MIN 0.76 -0.28 0.13 2.90 2.90 0.65 4.80 0.40
MAX 0.97 0.20 0.38 0.23 3.10 3.10 5.00 0.66
B C D E
e A C A1
e H L
L
B
!
8 LEAD PLASTIC SO (unit: mm)
D
SYMBOL A A1
H E
MIN 1.35 0.10 0.33 0.19 4.80 3.80 5.80 0.40
MAX 1.75 0.25 0.51 0.25 5.00 4.00 6.20 1.27
B C D E
e A C A1
e H L
L
1.27(TYP)
B
ANALOG INTEGRATIONS CORPORATION
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TEL: (8863)577-2500 FAX:(8863)577-2510
11
AIC1641
LOW VOLTAGE STEP-UP DC/DC CONVERTER
SPEC NO: DS-1641-00 05/04/00
!
SOT-89-5 (unit: mm)
SYMBOL
D b1 b A C
MIN 1.40 0.32 1.40 0.30 4.40 2.40 300 (TYP) 1.50 (TYP) 4.20 0.80
MAX 1.60 0.52 1.80 0.50 4.60 2.60
A b b1 C
HE
E
D E e e1 HE LE
LE b e1 e
5.00 ---
!
SOT-89-5 Marking
Part No. AIC1641-27CW AIC1641-30CW AIC1641-33CW AIC1641-50CW Marking BD27 BD30 BD33 BD50
ANALOG INTEGRATIONS CORPORATION
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www.analog.com.tw
TEL: (8863)577-2500 FAX:(8863)577-2510
12

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